Exam 50اِگزیم

Children, as pedestrians on the road, are especially vulnerable to being hit by vehicles because their short stature means that the impact often occurs to their head or parts of the body with vital organs, which can cause severe injury. In many cases, children do not follow traffic regulations when crossing streets, or they act imprudently, which is why it is important to start teaching road safety from a young age.

The intention to immobilize your vehicle or slow down considerable, even when it is because of traffic circumstances as in this case, should be warned, to the extent possible, by repeatedly using the brake lights or by moving your arm up and down with short, quick movements.

Traffic regulations state that vehicle drivers can use their low- or high-beam headlights, both during the day and at night, to flash at short intervals as a warning to avoid a possible accident, on both urban and interurban roads, especially on narrow roads with lots of curves. If you flash your lights, you must always avoid blinding other vehicles traveling in the opposite direction.

The Traffic Regulations establish in general, that it is forbidden to drive in reverse except in cases where it is used as a complementary manoeuvre to any manoeuvre that is required.

Thus, it may be used as a complementary manoeuvre to stopping, parking or joining the traffic, provided that no more than 15 meters are travelled in reverse and no crossing is invaded.

So if we must cross an intersection backwards as in the case of the question will be totally prohibited.

Private vehicles dedicated to the transport of people, excluding motorcycles and mopeds, with capacity of up to 9 seats including the driver’s, such as passenger cars, are required to pass their first periodic technical inspection four years after the date of their first registration. After this first inspection, they must pass the next ones every two years, until year 10, at which point the inspections will be annual.

Motorcycles and cars must pass their first technical inspection 4 years after their date of registration.

After this first inspection, from 4 years to 10 years of age, they must pass the inspection every two years.

Finally, those older than 10 years must pass the technical inspection every year.

The vertical indication sign S-1 shown in the image indicates the point on the road where a motorway begins, and thus the point from which the specific traffic rules for that type of road go into effect. This sign can indicate that you are approaching a motorway, but it can also indicate the branch of a junction that leads to a motorway.

The road for automobiles shown in the image is marked at the entrance and exit, and is exclusively for automobiles. It has a single roadway and no access to nearby properties. The maximum speed that a passenger car can drive at is 90 kilometers per hour.

Reaction distance at the wheel is defined as the distance covered by the vehicle during the reaction time. The reaction time, in turn, is the time it takes you to react to a danger or obstacle, and so the greater the reaction time, the greater the reaction distance will be as well. This distance also varies with speed, because the faster you are driving, the more distance you will cover during the reaction time.

A motorcycle is a two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine. The frame and wheels constitute the fundamental structure of the vehicle. The steering wheel is the front wheel and the drive wheel is the rear wheel.
It must have a motor with a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cubic centimetres, and/or a maximum speed of more than 45 km per hour.

The clothing and equipment of someone riding a motorcycle is very important because it provides them with bodily protection and increased safety in the case of a traffic accident, in addition to protecting them from inclement weather and adverse meteorological conditions.

Traffic regulations state that children must always use an approved restraint device when they ride in a car until they are more than 1.35 meters tall, and they will always ride in the back seat except when the vehicle does not have any back seats or when all the back seats are already occupied by child restraint systems. In this case, children may ride in the front with an approved car seat.

When you talk on a mobile phone while driving, whether or not you use a hands-free device, it causes a visual, auditory and cognitive distraction that can present a grave danger for road safety.

Traffic regulations define the stopping distance as the distance that is travelled from when the driver perceives an obstacle or potential hazard and steps on the brake until the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

Even if we tow a trailer, it wouldn’t be necessary to carry a spare wheel for this trailer, no matter if is a heavy trailer or a trailer with a MAM less than 750 kg.

The vehicles used for the transport of persons or goods with a MMA of 3500 kg or less, must carry a spare wheel for temporary use, a complete wheel or an alternative system (anti-puncture kit).

Traffic Regulations establish that drivers on the road shall facilitate, as far as possible, the manoeuvre to join the road, especially in the case of a public passenger transport vehicle that intends to join the traffic from a signalled stop.
Particularly on populated roads, the drivers of other vehicles shall move sideways, whenever possible, or reduce their speed, in order to facilitate the movement of public passenger transport vehicles.

Article 117 of the Spanish Traffic Regulations establishes that minors of 1.35 meters or less in height must always use a child restraint system approved for driving that is adapted to their size and weight.
They shall not be allowed to use only the seat belt of an adult without the safety device adapted to each age and weight.

To keep the braking system in optimum condition, we must check the level of the brake fluid periodically and check the state of the brake circuit, the tension of the step brake or the wear of the shoes or pads it contains.

Smoking while driving a vehicle affects the handling of the vehicle since distractions may occur, especially at the moment of lighting and extinguishing the cigarette, the driver’s manoeuvres are limited since he only has one hand free to drive, his attention span is reduced and it may cause vision problems due to the smoke. That is why smoking while driving is not recommended.

Drivers of vehicles traveling on motorways or dual carriageways are prohibited from picking up hitchhikers and must ignore ride requests from people on any section of these roads, including the tollbooth area. In addition, it is prohibited for pedestrians to travel on motorways and dual carriageways.

The vertical instruction sign S-7, shown in blue in the image, when it accompanies a hazard warning sign such as the triangular one above it, indicates that on the section of road where the hazard is located, it is not recommended to exceed the speed indicated on the sign. Thus, in this hazardous section that is frequented by children, it is recommended that you not drive faster than 30 kilometers per hour.

Whenever you place a load on your vehicle that overhangs or protrudes from the back, it must be signalled so that the other road users can see it using a panel measuring 50 cm by 50 cm painted with diagonal alternating red and white stripes, placed on the back part of the load.

For prolonged stops inside a tunnel or enclosed area for more than two minutes, it is recommended that the driver of the vehicle turn off the engine of the vehicle to save fuel, and keep the position lights on so that other road users can see you.

The main purpose of the direction indicator lights is to warn the other drivers on the road of the manoeuvres we want to perform, either with the left or right indicator, and in general to communicate with them by showing our intentions.

Traffic accidents caused by drowsiness at the wheel on the part of the driver of the vehicle can occur at any time of day, being more common at night and after lunch. For this reason, you must always be alert to the symptoms of drowsiness that may appear while you are driving, and stop to rest every 2 hours or every 200-300 kilometers.

The vertical restricted entry sign R-201 shown in the image limits the maximum mass of the vehicles that drive on the road where the sign is located. Therefore, it prohibits entry of vehicles whose mass, including cargo, is greater than what is indicated on the sign, in this case, 5.5 tons.

The best remedy to fight the sleepiness that can sometimes appear in the driver of a vehicle is to sleep and be well-rested before getting behind the wheel. If drowsiness still appears while you are driving, you should park your vehicle in a permitted place and rest a few hours until the sleepiness goes away completely.

All risk factors at the wheel that reduce the quantity or quality of night time sleep, thus interfering with the driver’s recovery, as well as taking medications or monotony at the wheel will negatively affect your driving. These factors will not affect all drivers in the same way, since their personal circumstances will be different such that the effects of these risks are not the same for every person.

Among the elements that can intervene in traffic accidents are the human factor, the mechanical condition of the vehicle and the environmental factor or weather conditions, among others. Despite the technical failures of the vehicle and those derived from environmental factors, the human factor is responsible for between 70% and 90% of traffic accidents.