Exam 65اِگزیم

When driving on urban roads it is forbidden to use the long-range light, so despite the fact that the road is insufficiently lit (a dark vehicle cannot be seen from a distance of 50 metres), only the low beam can be used.

Motorcycles travelling on any public road, urban or interurban, are obliged to turn on their low beam or dipped headlights during the day. These lights are used to illuminate the roadway in front of the motorcycle without blinding or bothering the drivers travelling in the opposite direction.

Double parking in any type of vehicle is completely prohibited on public roads because it can block a correctly parked vehicle from passing through or leaving.

The vertical obligation sign R-407B for roads reserved for mopeds shown in the image indicates that drivers of mopeds are required to use the road at whose entrance the sign is placed, and also that all other road users are forbidden from entering and using it.

The vertical entry prohibited sign R-100 on this road indicates that it is forbidden for all types of vehicles, with and without motor, to drive in either direction. Therefore, a moped, even though traffic regulations do not consider it a motor vehicle, may NOT enter this road.

Explanation:

40 km/h: Correct

According to traffic regulations, the general rule for driving on cross-town roads is a maximum speed of 50 kilometers per hour. However, if there is a speed limit sign indicating a different limit, that sign takes precedence. In the example shown, the speed limit sign indicates a maximum speed of 40 kilometers per hour, which must be followed.

A load which overhangs from the back of a vehicle must always be signalled, both during the day and at night, using a red and white diagonally striped panel that should be placed on the rear-most part of the load, in addition to a red light. During the day, only the striped panel must be used, while the red light is only obligatory at night.

Article 87 of general driving regulations states that it is prohibited to overtake on curves with reduced visibility, especially if the two directions of travel are not properly delineated and you will invade the left side of the roadway when overtaking. As in this case, the vertical sign indicates danger because you are approaching a section of road with a series of curves, you should not overtake a vehicle driving in front of you in order to avoid invading the lane reserved for the opposite direction.

When we find a longitudinal and continuous white line painted on the roadway of the road on which we are driving our vehicle, it will indicate that overtaking is totally prohibited until we find a section where this line is broken.
Therefore, if we intend to overtake, we must pay special attention to the continuous line.

The vehicle headrest must be adjusted to a height where the top of it is level with the top of the driver’s head. It is obligatory to adjust the headrests for all occupants of the vehicle, including the back seats. To know the proper height, take into account that the center of gravity of the occupant’s head, at eye level, should be level with the center part of the headrest.

The driver and passengers of a motorcycle are only obliged to wear a safety helmet if the motorcycle does not have a self-protection structure or does not have safety belts for all passengers.

Whenever you are driving on a road where it is raining, you should pay special attention to parts of the road where there could be puddles, such as in dips or other areas prone to flooding due to inadequate drainage. In these parts of the road, hydroplaning is more common, so you should always moderate your speed and avoid sharp movements when driving in them.

The main function of the frame is to contain and protect the passengers of the vehicle, preventing foreign objects from entering the cabin and ensuring a minimum safety space that permits the movement of the occupants in case of an accident.

If after assessing whether a person injured in a traffic accident is conscious, you find that they are unconscious, you should check whether or not they are breathing by feeling under their nose and observing the movement of their abdomen. Then, you should also check if they have a pulse.

Traffic accidents are not a matter of chance or luck, they are always avoidable, even it is normally thought they are not, bearing in mind the factors that cause them.

Accessories which a passenger car is required to have include two portable approved hazard warning devices (triangles), one high-visibility reflective vest, and a spare wheel or a tire repair kit along with the necessary tools to change the tire. In the case of snow chains or winter tires, they are only obligatory in some specific places, such as in mountain ports.

If you are driving on a highway with two lanes in each direction, once you have completed the overtaking and passed the other vehicle, you are required to return to the right lane unless you are going to overtake again. To return to the right lane, the driver should check in the interior or exterior rear view mirror that they can safely return, signalling the manoeuvre with the right indicator light or with the arm, and then moving back into the right lane.

If you approach a level crossing like the one in the image while the barriers or semi-barriers are moving up or down, you must stop your vehicle in its corresponding lane behind the other vehicles that got there before you, and wait for the barrier to go all the way up before safely going through.

Drivers of passenger cars, buses, automobiles designed for transport of goods, mixed vehicles, non- agricultural combination vehicles, as well as drivers and auxiliary personnel of protection and support vehicles are obliged to have one reflective vest in the vehicle, although it is always useful to have two so that a passenger can wear one.

The vehicle’s seat belt should be fastened as close to the body as possible, laying flat without knots or twists, and tightly to prevent the submarine effect. It should never be worn loose, as this reduces its effectiveness, and it should not be placed over the abdomen directly but rather over the driver’s or passenger’s hips.

Article 19 of traffic regulations indicates that the glass surfaces of the vehicle must allow the driver to have clear visibility of the entire road on which they are driving, without the interference of sheets or adhesives. Therefore, it is completely prohibited in your vehicle technical inspection to have unapproved tinted windows.

The part of the body that is most affected by traffic accidents involving motorcycle riders is the head and face, because after the impact the rider tends to hit the asphalt directly, which is why it is so important for all motorcycle riders to wear a helmet to prevent injuries in an accident or fall.

The vertical hazard warning sign P-28 shown in the image indicates danger because you are approaching a section of road where there is a risk of gravel being kicked up by passing vehicles.

The V-5 signalling device shown in the image will indicate that the motor vehicle or group of vehicles carrying it will be of the slow type and may not exceed a speed of 40 kilometers per hour on all roads.

The periodic and frequent maintenance of the correct functioning of the different systems of a vehicle, such as the lighting system, steering or suspension, will be absolutely necessary as part of the preventive maintenance that we must do in our vehicle and in addition to the revisions established by the manufacturer.

Drivers and individuals using a public road who witness a traffic accident are required to assist the injured and contribute to determining the potential causes of the accident, as long as their help is needed and no traffic or emergency personnel are present at the scene.

The majority of accidents caused by driver drowsiness or fatigue happen on motorways and dual carriageways. This is due to the repetitive scenery, consistent speed, and absence of stimuli such as curves or hills, which can cause drivers to lose focus, become less alert, and grow complacent.

All citizens, directly or indirectly: Correct
Traffic accidents have a broader economic impact that goes beyond just drivers or insurance companies.
Direct impact: Taxpayer money may be used to fund emergency services like ambulances, police, and public hospitals.
Indirect impact: Congestion caused by accidents leads to lost productivity, increased fuel consumption, and delayed deliveries, which affect the economy as a whole.
Drivers who have an accident when they pay their car insurance policy: This option focuses only on the drivers directly involved in the accident. While it is true they face increased costs (like higher premiums and repair expenses), this is a narrow perspective which makes it incorrect. Traffic accidents have widespread consequences that go beyond individual drivers, affecting the economy and society as a whole.
Only insurance companies: Insurance companies do play a role in covering accident-related expenses, but they pass on their financial burden to policyholders by increasing premiums. They are not the only entities affected; the economic ripple effects extend to taxpayers, businesses, and society in general, making this option too restrictive.

Highway accident statistics show the major role of the human factor (driver or pedestrian) in causing accidents, being guilty for the majority of accidents. This is because, in the vast majority of accidents, human error comes into play at some point, whether in the form of distraction or lack of knowledge.