Exam 86اِگزیم

As a general principle, loading and unloading should take place off the roadway. However, if it is unavoidable to conduct these operations on the road, the following guidelines must be observed:
Whenever possible, loading and unloading should be performed on the side of the vehicle nearest to the road’s edge.
All regulations regarding stopping and parking must be adhered to, including any specific restrictions on time and location in built-up areas.
Placing merchandise on the roadway, hard shoulder, or pedestrian zones is strictly prohibited.
Suitable measures should be taken to complete the process swiftly while minimizing risk, noise, and unnecessary disruptions.

If a narrow lane is marked with a continuous line, crossing it is not allowed. However, if the line is broken and the lane is less than 3 metres wide, vehicles may cross it when necessary, provided that traffic safety conditions allow.

The rear window is equipped with a defrosting or anti-fog system that generates heat when activated, effectively removing ice or fog.

When driving on any type of road in conditions where visibility is significantly reduced—such as fog, heavy rain, snow, smoke, dust, or similar situations—short-range lighting must be used. Relying solely on position lights is not sufficient; they must always be accompanied by another appropriate light.

Intense vibrations in the brake pedal indicate that the ABS system is functioning. To maintain its operation, we should continue pressing the pedal fully.

When exiting a parking space, the driver must engage the parking brake, turn off the engine, and disable the ignition system.
If parking on a slope, additional precautions are required:
Engage the appropriate gear—first gear when facing uphill and reverse gear when facing downhill—or use the parking mode if applicable.
Furthermore, if the driver steps away from the vehicle, which is not directly mentioned in the question, they must take necessary measures to prevent unauthorized use of the vehicle.

Every person traveling in a vehicle, regardless of age, occupies a full seat. If a manual states otherwise, it is outdated. In the past, children were considered to take up only half a seat.

For the seat belt to provide maximum protection, it must be in good condition and properly positioned:
The chest strap should rest over the collarbone and pass through the center of the chest.
The lower strap must be positioned over the pelvis and hip bones, always below the abdomen.

Even during pregnancy, a seat belt remains effective.
One of the biggest risks of improper seat belt use is the submarining effect, which occurs when the belt fails to restrain the driver in a collision, causing the body to slide under the lap belt. To prevent this:
Avoid placing objects like towels, cushions, or covers on the seat.
Properly adjust both the seat and belt—do not recline the seat excessively or drive in an improper sitting position.

To properly adjust the left exterior mirror, maintain your normal driving position without moving your head. The mirror should reflect a small portion of the vehicle’s side while providing a clear view of a significant section of the road.

The stopping distance refers to the distance a vehicle covers from the moment the driver detects a hazard until it comes to a full stop. This distance must always be shorter than the distance to the obstacle; otherwise, a collision will occur.

Passenger cars, multi-purpose vehicles, and goods transport vehicles with a maximum gross vehicle mass (GVM) of 3,500 kg or less must be equipped with the following essential accessories, spare parts, and tools:
A certified high-visibility vest.
A yellow, self-powered hazard warning device (battery-operated) to be positioned at the highest point of the stationary vehicle for optimal visibility. Until 2026, warning triangles can still be used, in which case two triangles are required.
A complete spare wheel or a temporary one, along with all necessary tools for replacement.

With a Class B license, you are permitted to operate a vehicle with a maximum gross vehicle mass (GVM) of up to 3,500 kg while towing a trailer with a GVM of up to 750 kg. Additionally, you may drive a combination of a towing vehicle allowed under a B license and a trailer exceeding 750 kg GVM, as long as the total GVM of both does not surpass 4,250 kg.
Furthermore, within national borders, drivers with a B license can operate cars powered by alternative fuels that have a GVM greater than 3,500 kg but do not exceed 4,250 kg, provided the vehicle is over two years old. The additional mass beyond 3,500 kg must be solely due to the propulsion system, and there must be no increase in the vehicle’s load capacity.
Alternative fuels include: electricity, hydrogen, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and similar energy sources.

This sign warns of an imminent level crossing without barriers. The distance between the sign and the crossing is almost zero.

It is essential to use gasoline with the octane rating specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Using a different octane level can potentially damage the engine and is not an effective method for saving fuel.

Although the maximum speed limit on this road is 90 km/h, the appropriate speed should be lower due to potential hazards indicated by the sign and road conditions. Driving at an appropriate speed means adjusting our speed according to the specific circumstances at any given moment.

Driving with the tailgate open is not allowed. If the trunk cannot accommodate the load, consider the following:
Only lightweight and small items should be placed inside the passenger compartment, as they could become projectiles and pose a risk to occupants.
Carrying heavy or bulky items on a roof rack can affect vehicle stability and may even lead to tipping over. Additionally, it increases fuel consumption.

If the load cannot be properly secured in the trunk, passenger compartment, or on a roof rack, transporting it in the vehicle is not permitted.

This sign signifies that the vehicle or combination of vehicles has a length exceeding 12 meters.

On roads outside urban areas with a usable shoulder, pedestrians are required to walk along the shoulder. Since a person in a wheelchair is classified as a pedestrian, they must also use the shoulder for movement.

If an approved child restraint system is installed in a rear-facing position, the front passenger airbag must be deactivated.

Although it is not mandatory, it is recommended to carry a first aid kit containing gloves, compresses, bandages, gauze, sterile dressings, a large handkerchief, adhesive tape, scissors, tweezers, safety pins, and a disinfectant solution.

Vehicles equipped with high beam lights must use them when driving at speeds exceeding 40 km/h under the following conditions:
From sunset to sunrise on poorly lit roads outside urban areas.
At any time of the day in tunnels, underpasses, and road sections marked with a tunnel sign where lighting is inadequate.

However, low beam lights must be used in the following cases:
If the vehicle is not equipped with high beam lights.
When using high beams could cause glare to other road users.

When driving at speeds of 40 km/h or lower, either low beam or high beam lights may be used as appropriate. It is strictly prohibited to use high beam lights when the vehicle is stationary, parked, or within urban areas.

In the absence of traffic signs regulating right-of-way, drivers must yield to vehicles approaching from the right. However, there are certain exceptions to this rule:
Vehicles on a paved road have priority over those coming from an unpaved road.
Vehicles running on rails have the right-of-way over other road users.
At roundabouts, vehicles already circulating within the roundabout take precedence over those entering.
On motorways, vehicles already traveling on them have priority over those merging onto the motorway.

The blue vehicle will proceed first since it has the “Intersection with Priority” sign, requiring all other vehicles to yield. Next, the green vehicle will pass, as it has the right of way. Lastly, the red vehicle will proceed.

A vehicle exceeding 7 meters in length is not permitted to use the third lane on roads outside built-up areas. However, within built-up areas, it is allowed. In such areas, drivers may use the lane that best aligns with their destination, provided lane markings are present. If lanes are unmarked, vehicles must stay in the right lane, utilizing other lanes only when necessary due to traffic flow or road conditions.

Lanes can exist even without road markings. If no markings are present, the number of lanes will be determined by the number of non-motorcycle vehicles that can fit side by side in parallel.

Children who are 1.35 meters tall or shorter must sit in the back seats of the vehicle, always using a restraint system that is approved for their height and weight. However, there are three exceptions where minors below this height may sit in the front seat:
If the vehicle does not have rear seats.
If all rear seats are already occupied by other children with similar physical conditions, making it impractical to secure all necessary restraint systems.
If it is not possible to install child restraint systems in the rear seats.

When seated in the front and if the vehicle has a front airbag, children may only use rear-facing restraint systems if the airbag is deactivated. If the child is taller than 1.35 meters, they may sit in the front seat using a standard adult seat belt.

This sign signifies that the road is blocked due to an accident, vehicle breakdown, or other possible reasons.

Low beam headlights should not dazzle other road users unless they are incorrectly adjusted. However, high beam headlights can cause discomfort, so they must be switched to low beam as soon as there is a risk of dazzling another driver.

If this sign is visible, it indicates that we are still within an urban area, meaning the maximum permissible speed remains 50 km/h. The speed regulations for non-urban roads will only apply after passing the sign.

General speed limits for urban roads, based on road characteristics, are as follows:
20 km/h on streets with a single shared surface for both pedestrians and vehicles.
30 km/h on roads with a single lane in each direction.
50 km/h on roads with two or more lanes per direction. (For vehicles carrying hazardous materials, the limit is 40 km/h).

For these regulations, lanes designated for specific users or exclusive public transport use are not included in the lane count. Additionally, local authorities may modify these speed limits by placing specific signage.
In general, the speed limit for all vehicles on urban roads is 50 km/h, except for those transporting hazardous materials, which must adhere to a 40 km/h limit. This restriction can be further reduced if agreed upon by the Municipal Authority and the road owner, provided appropriate signage is in place.

Before performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, the first step is to check the injured person’s mouth for any foreign objects that could obstruct resuscitation or cause choking. Additionally, we need to open the airway by performing the chin-lift manoeuvre—gently lifting the chin with one hand and pushing the forehead back with the other.