Exam 21اِگزیم

Traffic Regulations state that any change in the information that appears on the driver’s license, as well as the bearer’s home address, must be communicated to the Provincial Traffic Department within 15 days counting from the date on which the change occurred.

If we reach an intersection like the one in the image with two traffic lights, one main and one accessory, the traffic light on the left will regulate the left turn and the straight ahead, while the traffic light on the right with the green arrow will only regulate the right turn.
In this case, as the blue vehicle wants to go straight ahead, it must follow the red traffic light on the left and not pass, since the right one will only affect vehicles that want to turn right.

When a driver approaches to a pedestrian crossing he must reduce the speed of the vehicle and stop if necessary to avoid risky situations for the users of the road.

Traffic regulations state that all drivers on public roads are required to warn other road users about the manoeuvres that they are going to execute with their vehicles. As a general rule, these warnings are made with the vehicle’s light signals or, failing that, with the arm.

A traffic officer with his or her arm raised vertically forces all road users approaching the officer head-on to stop, except drivers who cannot safely do so.

This signal shall not require drivers who have already entered an intersection to stop. The stop shall be made at the nearest stop line or, if not, at the one before the officer.

Yellow road markings, such as the solid line in the image, will always be painted on the road in construction zones where work is being done on the road, and their duration will be limited to the time it takes for the construction to finish. These road markings will be removed onces the road works are completed.

The minimum and maximum speed limits established by the traffic authority are set with the goal of ensuring safety and adequate traffic flow on the road. Above all, they strive to achieve fluid traffic along with safety for all road users.

Excessive speed has a negative effect on safety because it causes so-called tunnel vision, reducing your ability to anticipate and promoting fatigue and distractions. If you drive at an appropriate speed, it will be easier to perceive the intentions of other road users and give you time to react to them. On the other hand, when speeding, you won’t have enough time to anticipate all hazards and obstacles on the road.

Asphalt at high temperatures can cause, among other effects, the tread of the vehicle’s tires to heat up more than normal due to friction, increasing tire wear by 25% compared to driving on asphalt at normal temperatures. You should also avoid excessive tire pressure, since will cause more wear to the tire tread than usual.

The left rear-view mirror will always be mandatory for passenger cars, even if the interior rear¬ view mirror allows us to have a full view of the sides of the vehicle and the horizon at the rear of the vehicle.
On the other hand, the right rear-view mirror is not mandatory but optional, although its use is highly recommended to improve side vision.

The main function of the vehicle’s foot brake is to reduce the speed of the vehicle, bringing it safely to a stop. The clutch pedal should be engaged along with the brake pedal, allowing the foot brake to act equally on all wheels of the vehicle.

In the general set up of motorcycle controls, the clutch is activated with the left hand, the rear brake with the right foot, and the accelerator with the right hand. The gear shift is located by the left foot, and the front brake is activated with the right hand.

The security helmet should always be worn properly fastened to protect the head of the moped’s driver in case of traffic accident. To wear the helmet unfastened is punishable in the same way as not wearing it.

A vehicle’s passive safety systems are those whose primary function is to reduce possible injuries in a traffic accident by minimizing the impact and its consequences. Passive safety systems include seat belts, airbags, helmets for motorcycle and moped riders, and headrests.

The accidents that cause most fatalities are those occurring on interurban roads due to the higher speed of vehicles and the greater number of distractions due to the monotony of the route.
On the other hand, the highest number of accidents are on urban roads.

Taking any type of medication, whether chemical or natural, before getting behind the wheel can alter the driver’s physical and mental state due to the negative effects medications can cause on driving. So, before starting a trip, you should always consult a medical professional about the side effects of the medication and how they can affect your ability to drive a vehicle.

The order of priority in traffic signals that drivers must obey is as follows: first of all there are the agents, who regulate traffic, then there are the circumstantial signals and fixed beacons, then there are the traffic lights, the vertical signals and finally, the horizontal signals or road markings.

The P-33 reduced visibility sign that we can see in the image, warns the driver of danger due to the proximity of a stretch of road in which circulation is hindered by a significant loss of visibility due to fog, rain, snow, smoke, etc.

In Spain, vehicles intended for rental without a driver, particularly in car-sharing and ride-sharing models, typically operate within a delimited service area and can be accessed via mobile applications. These services, such as Zity, Free2Move, or Share Now, allow users to locate, unlock, and rent vehicles through a mobile app at any time, aligning with the concept of free-floating car-sharing. Additionally, Spain regulates car-sharing laws, ensuring that they are legally available on-demand within their designated zones.

In Spain, for a passenger car to be classified as a “Vehículo de Uso Compartido” (Shared Use Vehicle) and be eligible to display the corresponding badge, it must comply with specific mobility and car-sharing regulations.

The key requirements include:

Rental Without a Driver – The vehicle must be available for self-service rental, meaning users drive it themselves without a chauffeur.
Intensive Use – The vehicle must be used frequently and by many different users.
Undetermined Number of Users – The vehicle must be accessible to any registered user within a defined service area, typically through a car-sharing platform.

This classification aligns with the operational models of free-floating and station-based car-sharing services such as Zity, Free2Move, and Share Now in Spain.

The vertical sign S-50C, as shown in the image, indicates that the two lanes with the minimum speed sign are designated for vehicles traveling at or above the specified speed. However, when possible, drivers should primarily use the right lane. The other lanes may be used as needed, depending on the traffic conditions.

Vehicle drivers will be strictly prohibited from consuming ecstasy, as it can lead to various side effects, including episodes of depression or anxiety, reduced concentration, and slower reaction times.

Reduce to a speed which allows the vehicle to be stopped in a lit area: Correct
When a lighting fault occurs, and the driver can only use dipped (low-beam) lights, it is essential to adjust driving behavior to ensure safety. Dipped lights provide limited visibility, so reducing speed allows the driver to react to hazards within the reduced field of view. Driving slowly ensures the vehicle can be stopped safely in a well-lit area or where assistance is available.
Stop on the shoulder until another driver can help: This is not necessary unless the lighting fault makes driving unsafe or the vehicle cannot continue moving. Stopping unnecessarily on the shoulder can pose additional risks.
Stop and call a tow service: This is also unnecessary unless the fault cannot be managed safely or the vehicle cannot be driven at all. Drivers should aim to reach a safe location before calling for assistance.

A two-wheeled vehicle than in a car: Correct
The probability of a fatal accident is significantly higher in two-wheeled vehicles (such as motorcycles) compared to cars. This is because two-wheeled vehicles offer less protection to riders, are less stable than cars, and are more vulnerable to road hazards and weather conditions. In the event of a collision, riders are exposed to a higher risk of serious injury or death due to the lack of structural protection like that provided by cars.
A four-wheeled vehicle than in a two-wheeled vehicle: This is not true; four-wheeled vehicles provide more safety features such as airbags, seat belts, and a protective cabin.
A car than in a two-wheeled vehicle: This is incorrect because cars are generally safer than two-wheeled vehicles due to their design, stability, and safety technologies.

No, except the driver when reversing or parking: Correct
Seat belts are a critical safety feature and must be used at all times while traveling in a passenger car, regardless of whether the journey is on urban or rural roads. However, there is an exception: the driver is not required to wear a seat belt when reversing or parking. This is because the seat belt might restrict the driver’s movements when performing these specific maneuvers, which require better flexibility and visibility.
Yes, traveling on urban roads: This is incorrect as seat belts are mandatory on all roads, including urban roads, to ensure safety.
Not the driver, but yes for passengers traveling in the back seats: This is also incorrect. Seat belts are required for all occupants, including those in the back seats, as they provide critical protection in the event of a crash.

Take account of the position, route, and speed of approaching vehicles: Correct
When entering a motorway, it is crucial for the driver to be aware of the position, route, and speed of approaching vehicles already on the motorway. This ensures that the driver can merge safely without causing disruption to the flow of traffic. The driver needs to adjust their speed and position to match the traffic conditions on the motorway. This is essential for both safety and smooth traffic flow.
Accelerate to enter the motorway quickly, without having to give way to vehicles already travelling on it: This is incorrect because when entering a motorway, the driver must yield to vehicles already on the motorway if necessary. It is not safe to just accelerate quickly without considering the position and speed of approaching vehicles.
Always stop at the end of the slip lane: This is incorrect. Drivers are not required to stop at the end of the slip lane unless there is a specific stop sign or signal. The purpose of the slip lane is to allow drivers to merge onto the motorway safely without stopping, adjusting speed as necessary to match the flow of traffic.

Vision and hearing: Correct
As people age, they often experience a decline in both vision and hearing, which can significantly affect their driving abilities.
Vision: Aging can lead to conditions such as reducing the clarity and field of vision. This makes it harder for elderly drivers to see hazards, road signs, and other important visual cues while driving.
Hearing: Reduced hearing ability can make it difficult for elderly drivers to hear important sounds such as sirens, honking horns, or engine noises, which are essential for safe driving.
Reaction time: While slower reaction time is another issue that can affect elderly drivers, it is not the sole factor. The combined effects of reduced vision and hearing are typically more impactful in driving situations.
Vision only: This is not entirely accurate because both vision and hearing are commonly affected as people age and both are important for driving safety.

Yes, along with any manoeuvre required: Correct
In Spain and many other countries, reversing can be used as a complementary manoeuvre along with other driving actions. It is common to reverse as part of a broader manoeuvre, such as parking, turning around, or avoiding an obstacle. For example, when performing a three-point turn, reversing is often used to complete the manoeuvre.
Yes, but only to park: This is incorrect because reversing is not limited to parking. It can also be used in other manoeuvres, such as turning, making space, or avoiding obstacles.
No, it is forbidden: This is incorrect. Reversing is not forbidden, but it should always be done safely and within the required legal and safety standards.

To protect the occupants of the vehicle: Correct
The primary function of the vehicle chassis and bodywork is to provide structural integrity and protection for the occupants in the event of a collision or crash. The chassis forms the foundation and structure of the vehicle, while the bodywork surrounds and shields the interior of the vehicle, including the passengers. This helps to absorb impact forces and reduce the risk of injury to the occupants.
Mainly aesthetic: This is incorrect because while the design and appearance of the bodywork are important, their primary function is safety, not just aesthetics.
Mainly aesthetic, to replace seatbelts and airbags: This is also incorrect because the bodywork and chassis cannot replace safety devices like seatbelts and airbags. These devices are separate components designed specifically to protect the occupants during a crash.

No, this exceeds the authorised number of seats: Correct
In Spain and many other countries, the number of passengers in a vehicle cannot exceed the number of seats that are legally authorised for that vehicle. If a vehicle has 9 seats (including the driver), it is legally permitted to carry only 8 passengers in addition to the driver. Allowing 9 children to travel in a vehicle with 9 seats would exceed the number of authorised seats, which is not allowed.
Yes, if an adult is in charge: This is incorrect. Even if an adult is in charge, the number of passengers cannot exceed the legally authorised number of seats in the vehicle.
Yes, if the children are aged between 2 and 12: This is also incorrect. The number of children does not change the legal requirement for the number of passengers.