Exam 29اِگزیم

Elderly people, due to their old age, may find that some physical and mental capacities necessary for driving are diminished, such as vision, hearing or reaction capacity when faced with a potential obstacle.

The rear fog lights on a vehicle should only be turned on when meteorological conditions are especially unfavorable, such as in the case of thick fog, very heavy rain, heavy snow or dense clouds of dust or smoke. In any other situation, they should remain turned off.

The driver who intends to overtake must always look ahead and check that there is no sign prohibiting overtaking, that the lane to be overtaken is free and that there is sufficient visibility to carry out the manoeuvre.
If the driver in front of you has already indicated his intention to move to the lane to be occupied in the overtaking in order to overtake another vehicle, you must respect his right of way and not start the overtaking.

If we intend to overtake a pedestrian, bicycle, animal or two-wheeled vehicle on an interurban road such as the one in the image, the overtaking manoeuvre must be carried out occupying part of the adjacent lane and leaving a MINIMUM lateral separation of 1.50 meters.

When overtaking INSIDE a built-up area, a lateral separation proportional to the speed and the width of the road must be left with the other vehicle.

The Road Traffic Regulations indicate that the driver and occupants of taxi type vehicles such as the one shown here are obliged to wear, when properly fastened, the approved safety belts, both in urban and interurban traffic. By way of exception, when driving on urban roads, it shall be permitted to transport in the taxi persons whose height does not reach 135 centimetres without using an approved restraint system adapted to their height and weight, provided that they occupy a rear seat.

The airbag will always function as a passive safety system complementary to the seat belt, so it must always be fastened and it will improve the effectiveness of the airbag, and must always be used together.

The maximum speed limit for passenger cars, motorcycles, buses, trucks and other vehicles on cross¬ town roads and roads within town limits is 50 kilometers per hour. This speed limit cannot be exceeded at any time, not even to overtake.

The maximum speed for driving on a conventional road is 90 km/hour for the following vehicles:

• Passenger cars.
• Motorcycles.
• Pick-up vehicles and motor homes with a gross vehicle weight of 3,500 kg or less (which are limited to 120 km/h on highways and freeways), as well as buses, vehicles derived from passenger cars and adaptable mixed vehicles (the latter are limited to 100 km/h on expressways).

Previously it was possible to exceed the maximum speed on conventional roads by 20 km/hour to overtake but since 2022 it is FORBIDDEN.

Among the possible consequences of driving with tires with an incorrect inflation pressure below the manufacturer’s recommendation are uneven wear of the rubber, reducing the life of the tire, and excessive rubbing on the asphalt, which can cause a blowout. In addition, you will consume more fuel than if you drove with the correct tire pressure.

Xenon headlights on a vehicle offer illumination very similar to sunlight and improve the lighting of the road, offering more power while consuming much less energy. These lights, used as low-beam headlights, are able to reach much farther without blinding vehicles traveling in the opposite direction, plus the reduce eye fatigue in the driver.

The most-used types of airbags these days are frontal, side torso and side curtain airbags. The frontal airbags, located at the front of the vehicle, specifically in the dashboard, can be accompanied by others located on the sides and top of the cabin.

Compulsory insurance covers the driver’s civil liability to third parties, but not personal injury or property damage suffered by the driver and their vehicle when the driver is at fault for the accident. This insurance, however, does cover the other occupants of the vehicle, because they are third parties. So, we can say that, generally speaking, it covers personal injury and property damage to involved third parties and passengers.

Police, firefighter, civil protection and rescue, and health assistance vehicles, public or private, driving in emergency service, will have right of way over other vehicles and road users. In addition, these vehicles can drive over the speed limit and are exempt from obeying other norms or signs in the cases and conditions established by the Traffic Authorities.

Load protruding from the rear of a vehicle at night shall always be marked with a panel of white and red diagonal stripes to be placed at the rear end of the cargo and a red light. Only the diagonal stripe panel shall be used during daytime hours, while the red light shall be mandatory only during night time hours.

Medicines can alter our attention, perception and reaction capabilities, so misusing them or not taking them as prescribed by specialists can increase the risk of having an accident.

Therefore, before driving, we should always make sure that the side effects of the medicines we take do not interfere negatively with driving.

If, when passing through a section of road filled with water, the brakes of your vehicle get wet, they will temporarily lose their effectiveness, such that the wheels may lock or the breaking force may decrease, and they may even stop braking. If this happens, lightly press the brake pedal to dry out the brakes so that they regain their effectiveness.

This vertical sign just prohibits the entrance to motorcycles, so moped are not affected in this situation.

The hazard triangle signs should be placed on the edge of the roadway, one in front and the other behind the vehicle, at least 50 meters away, except on one-way roads or roads with more than three lanes it is sufficient to place one behind. These triangles must be visible to other road users from 100 meters away and traffic regulations require that the vehicle is equipped with two triangles and at least one reflective vest.

The distance a vehicle travels during reaction time: Correct
Reaction distance refers to the distance a vehicle travels from the moment a driver perceives a hazard or stimulus (such as seeing a stop sign or a sudden obstacle) until the driver begins to apply the brakes or take some action. This distance depends on factors like the driver’s reaction time (the time it takes for the driver to process the information and respond), vehicle speed, and road conditions. The faster the vehicle is going, the greater the reaction distance.
The distance which must be allowed to the vehicle in front: This refers to the safe following distance, not the reaction distance.
The distance travelled between starting to brake and stopping the vehicle: This is known as the braking distance, not the reaction distance. It refers to the distance the vehicle travels after the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop.

As motorcycles have not bodywork, motorcyclists is a risk group, because motorcycle accidents cause more serious injuries and can easily cause death to occupants more than accidents to other vehicles.

If the driver leaves the vehicle after having parked on a steep uphill slope, he should always stop the engine, switch off the starting system and apply the parking brake, and when the vehicle has a manual gearbox, he should also leave the first gear engaged to prevent the car from sliding down the slope.

In urban and interurban roads, loading and unloading of vehicles shall be done off the road and with the engine off as a general rule.

Drivers of heavy vehicles are required to move to the shoulder as soon as possible if it is feasible to do so in order to facilitate overtaking when the density of traffic in the opposite direction, the narrowness of the road or its condition does not allow the vehicle to be overtaken safely and easily.
As in this case, none of these situations apply, as a general rule the truck does not need to veer onto the shoulder.

The vehicle’s headrest should be adjusted to a height so that the top of it is level with the upper part of the driver’s head. It is obligatory to adjust the headrests for all occupants of the vehicle, including the back seats, because the headrest can prevent injury to the cervical vertebrae in the neck, such as whiplash.

Drowsiness at the wheel will cause, among other effects, an increase in the driver’s reaction time and a reduction in their reaction capacity. If you start to feel drowsy, you should make frequent stops, parking the vehicle in a safe and permitted place and resting for a few hours before continuing your trip.

Traffic regulations state that, when you are driving your vehicle and you reach an intersection with no signage indicating right of way, you are required to yield to all vehicles that approach from your right, including bicycles. Following this rule, the blue vehicle will yield to the red vehicle, which in turn will yield to the yellow vehicle, and so the yellow will be the first vehicle to go since there is no vehicle to its right to which it must yield.

All citizens, directly or indirectly, Public Administrations and Insurance Companies, will assume the cost and expenses caused by traffic accidents, either in the form of fees, fines, taxes, toll charges, etc…

Medians, separators, islands or other elements to channel traffic flow are considered places where stopping or parking is dangerous or a hindrance to traffic flow. Therefore, it is completely forbidden to stop or park in these places.

The R-401 mandatory vertical sign shown in the image consists of an arrow pointing to the side of the shelter, islet or obstacle that vehicles must pass through.