Exam 27اِگزیم

A load that protrudes from the front of a vehicle does not need to be signalled during the day, but it must be signalled at night or in low visibility, in which cases it will be done with a white light and a white reflective panel on the protruding part.

A lateral displacement must always be warned well in advance of starting the manoeuvre via the correct use of the turn signal corresponding to the side to which the displacement will be made, and you must continue to use it while the manoeuvre is being performed.
You can also extend your arm horizontally with the palm of your hand facing down if the displacement will be made towards that same side, or bent at the elbow with the hand pointing up if it will be made towards the opposite side.

Newly registered private vehicles for the transport of people, except for motorcycles and mopeds, with capacity for up to 9 occupants including the driver, are required to pass their first periodic technical inspection four years after the date of its first registration. After that, they must pass it every 2 years until year 10, at which point they must pass it annually.

In order to drive a moped on any urban or inter-urban road or public thoroughfare in general, the driver must first register it at the Traffic Headquarters of the province in which he/she resides.

Any pedestrian traveling on the roadway or shoulder of an interurban road between sunset and sunrise or in environmental or meteorological conditions that significantly reduce visibility, are required to wear a vest or other approved reflective element that is visible from a distance of at least 150 meters by approaching drivers. It is not necessary to wear a vest when walking on urban roads.

When you are driving on roads in town, you have to use caution to avoid hitting pedestrians, especially when exiting or entering a garage, especially if it is on a ramp with poor visibility. You should not invite them to cross the road, either with your hand or with acoustic signals.

When we find a white longitudinal and broken road marking on the roadway with the separation between the lines shorter or very close together, this means that we are approaching a continuous longitudinal marking with the prohibition that this marking entails or it will indicate the proximity of a section of road that presents a special risk or is dangerous.

The vertical hazard warning sign P-1 shown in the image indicates that you are approaching a crossing or intersection with right of way, at which the users on the minor road must yield.

The braking distance is the distance you travel with your vehicle from the moment you step on the brake until you come to a complete stop, and is something mechanical that depends on the condition and speed of the vehicle, among other things. The reaction distance, on the other hand, is the distance the vehicle travels in the time it takes the driver to react, which will depend on the driver’s mood, physical condition and external factors. In this case, it is something biological that depends on the driver, and not on the vehicle.

As a general rule, the driver of a vehicle that is being overtaken should facilitate the overtaking maneuver and should not increase their speed. If the driver who wants to overtake, in this case the white car, aborts the maneuver because of some risk and wants to go back, then the green vehicle being overtaken should not reduce its speed in order to create enough space behind it to allow the white car to return to the right-hand lane.

A motorcycle is a two-wheeled vehicles powered by an engine which generally drives the rear wheel, with a power greater than 50 cubic centimeters if it is an internal combustion engine, and which by manufacture can travel at a maximum speed greater than 45 kilometers per hour.

From a traffic point of view, motorcycles are considered an automobile because Traffic Regulations define them as automobiles with two or three wheels equipped with an engine whose displacement is greater than 50 cc if it has an internal combustion engine, and/or whose maximum speed is greater than 45 km/hour. Some of them may also have a sidecar.

With continuous use, weather conditions and age, the rubber of the tires on your vehicle tend to harden and crack, losing their ability to grip the asphalt, making driving very dangerous as it could lead to skidding due to lack of grip on the road.

As a general rule, the layout of the motorcycle controls is such that the clutch is operated with the left lever, the rear brake with the right foot, and the throttle with the right hand.

The gear shift lever will be located on the left foot pedal and the front brake will be operated with the right lever.

Incorrect distribution and placement of a load in a vehicle can negatively affect driving by increasing fuel consumption and reducing the grip of the front wheels. In particular, you should properly place cargo in exterior luggage racks and compartments because incorrect distribution will cause greater wind resistance, which will also lead to increased fuel consumption.

It shall be totally forbidden for a vehicle’s load to protrude from its sides or from any of its side windows.
It shall only be allowed that in some cases the load protrudes from the rear part, but in no case from the sides.

If you are driving along a stretch of road where pools have formed and you have to go through an area flooded by water, you must, for safety’s sake, set the first gear and drive slowly at a sustained speed and acceleration. Once you have crossed this stretch, check the effectiveness of the brakes by pressing the brake pedal slightly to eliminate the humidity.

Whenever you drive your vehicle on a public road, you should quickly and regularly glance at your rear view mirrors, even when you don’t intend to perform any manoeuvre, in order to know where the other vehicles driving around you are situated, and to see if they might be moving into your mirror’s blind spots.

To save fuel while driving, you should follow a series of recommendations such as driving with the windows closed to reduce the vehicle’s air resistance, not braking abruptly around curves, using a high gear when going downhill and always keeping an eye on tire pressure and the weight of the cargo you are transporting.

The headrests of all seats in the vehicle should always be adjusted before starting a trip because, apart from their function of support or rest, they also serve to prevent possible neck injuries in case of a collision. If they are not correctly adjusted, you run the risk of suffering whiplash or injury to the cervical vertebrae, which is why you need to take this into account before you drive.

The higher and longer a gear is, the greater the range of speeds we can reach, without engaging a higher gear, and without downshifting to the lower gear.

That is why if we want to increase our speed, the most recommended gears to do so are fourth and fifth gear.

The main function of coolant fluid in vehicle is to cool the vehicle’s engine, and it is essential to ensure the engine maintains the correct temperature, absorbing heat and preventing dangerous overheating. Also, because it can tolerate very low temperatures, it prevents engine parts from freezing in the winter.

The greater risk of distraction appears on motorways and dual carriageways, because these are monotonous roads, and it’s easier that the driver would reduce his attention, fall asleep or get more tired.

Traffic regulations state that drivers of special vehicles, such as the one in the image, with a maximum authorized mass no greater than 3500 kilograms, must travel on the right shoulder or the essential part of the roadway. If there is no shoulder or if it is not transitable, they should drive on the necessary part of the roadway, as close to the right edge as possible.

Traffic accidents on public roads not only cause harm to the people involved, but also have a massive economic impact on society, causing, among other consequences, a series of material damages to the road and surroundings as well as healthcare, human and administrative costs that must also be taken into account.

Whenever you assist someone injured in a traffic accident, you should not move them unless it is absolutely necessary to do so. Call 112 to request medical help and keep the injured from walking, loosen any clothing that obstructs breathing and cover them with clothing or blankets to maintain their body temperature.

Among the consequences of stress on the driver of a vehicle are increased nervousness, haste in making decisions and increased hostility to other road users.

The Traffic Regulations prohibit the use of mobile telephone devices and any other means or system of communication while driving, except when communication takes place without the use of hands with headphones or similar instruments, using devices such as hands-free and always for short periods of time. One of the most dangerous moments of phone’s use is when we switch off the phone and move it out of our reach because this manoeuvre can cause us to take our eyes off the road.

The largest number of accidents involving cyclists occur on conventional roads, straight roads and intersections due to head-on and side collisions with other vehicles, especially those traveling on cross roads.

Whenever we intend to make a long road trip with our vehicle, it is advisable to make a previous planning of the itinerary as well as a review of the general condition of the vehicle. This preventive attitude will improve the safety of our trip and among other actions will require that we check if we carry all the necessary spare parts to circulate.