Exam 35اِگزیم

Drivers or passenger cars, buses and trucks with MAM greater than 3500 kg, non-agricultural commotion the drivers and auxiliary personnel support vehicles are obliged to wear a high-visibility reflective vest when they get out of their vehicle and occupy the roadway or the shoulder of interurban roads.

Yellow road markings, such as the solid line in the image, will always be painted on the road in construction zones where work is being done on the road, and their duration will be limited to the time it takes for the construction to finish. These road markings will be removed once the road works are completed.

Motorcycles must circulate, both day and night in all kind of roads, with position and dipped headlight on, and it is generally the motorcycle manufacturers who do not allow motorcycle drivers to turn off these lights for safety reasons.

To indicate that we are going to move left we will extend the left arm with the palm of the hand forward. If, instead, we want to move right, we’ll use the left arm bending it upwards. If we want to brake considerably this will be signed hitting the brake pedal several times, to turn on the brake lights intermittently.

On public roads within town limits, motorcycles are required to keep a lateral separation from other vehicles that is proportional to the width and characteristics of the road and the speed at which they are driving so that they can travel safely.

A cross-town route is considered an urban road, so the maximum speed for motorcycles would be 50 km/hour.

Traffic regulations state that it is completely forbidden to make a U-turn in underpasses, tunnels or designated pedestrian crossings or their vicinity. You also cannot make a U-turn when vehicles are traveling in the opposite direction and their speed does not allow you to do it safely, or on motorways or dual carriageways unless there is signage which permits it.

The traffic light shown in the image and its indications are only for pedestrians on the road and motor vehicles must not obey it. The traffic lights reserved for pedestrians can be found with a non-flashing red light in the form of a motionless pedestrian. It indicates that pedestrians should not start crossing the roadway.

Below the red light, we find a non-flashing green light in the form of a pedestrian in motion. It indicates that they can start crossing the roadway. If it is flashing, it means that the time to cross is about to end and that the red light will be on shortly.

The high beam or long-range light of a vehicle shall be used when is traveling at more than 40 kilometers per hour, on interurban roads or roads outside populated areas that are insufficiently illuminated, except at times when it may dazzle other drivers or pedestrians traveling on the shoulder, who shall quickly switch to the low beam lights to avoid dazzling.

A solid green light from a circular traffic light for vehicles indicates that you are allowed to go and that you have right of way over other vehicles and pedestrians. However, you should not enter the intersection regulated by the traffic light if you think you could get blocked in the intersection.

The blue vertical sign S-7 in the image, when it accompanies a vertical clanger warning sign such as the triangular sign at the top, indicates that in the section where the danger is located, it is not advisable to exceed the maximum speed indicated on the sign.

Thus, in this dangerous stretch frequented by children, it is recommended that we do not drive faster than 30 kilometers per hour.

The vast majority of traffic accidents can be avoided by paying attention to the road, not engaging in dangerous behavior, keeping the vehicle correctly maintained, avoiding risk factors at the wheel, and avoiding imprudent or unpredictable actions that could result in an accident.

After a car accident, even when they appear to be in good condition, you should always have your vehicle’s seat belts checked to determine if they have been damaged, and if so, replace them so that you can drive safely.

This vertical sign indicates that we have priority over the other vehicles at the next intersection, no matter if they are approaching us from the left or from the right.

If you are forced to brake urgently in your vehicle, you must act differently depending on whether or not it has an ABS brake system. If the vehicle does NOT have ABS and has conventional brakes, the driver should press hard on the brake pedal all the way down and progressively reduce the pressure to prevent the wheels from locking. On the other hand, if the vehicle DOES have ABS, you should press hard on the brake pedal while at the same time stepping on the clutch.

The vertical hazard warning sign P-17B indicates that you are approaching a section of road where the roadway becomes narrower on the left-hand side, and you should use caution and change lanes when traffic permits.

The left rear-view mirror will always be mandatory for passenger cars, even if the interior rear view mirror allows us to have a full view of the sides of the vehicle and the horizon at the rear of the vehicle.

On the other hand, the right rear-view mirror is not mandatory but optional, although its use is highly recommended to improve side vision.

Traffic regulations state that all drivers travelling on public roads are required to warn the other road users of the manoeuvres they intend to make with their vehicles. As a general rule, these warnings are made using the vehicle’s light signals, or, failing that, with the arm.

If your vehicle has undergone a substantial technical reform that has altered its characteristics, before driving on public roads you must pass a technical inspection certifying that the vehicle meets safety and environmental requirements, thus legalizing the reform made to the vehicle. This inspection may only be done at an official ITV/MOT station, never at an authorized workshop.

Consulting or adjusting the navigation system or GPS while driving can be a source of distraction at the wheel for the driver because they take their eyes off the road, even if just for a few seconds. That is why Road Safety Laws consider it a serious infraction, subject to a fine of 90 to 300 euros, to manipulate the GPS navigation while driving, whether by touching the screen or only the buttons.

The vertical obligation sign R-418 shown in the image indicates that you are approaching a section of road where it is obligatory to pay the toll by electronic or dynamic toll system. Therefore, a vehicle driving in the lane where this sign is located must be equipped with the device that allows them to pay the toll automatically.

If, on a section of road where overtaking is prohibited, as in this case, you encounter a vehicle immobilized that is occupying the roadway in the lane in the direction in which you are traveling, this vehicle may be passed even if you have to occupy the part of the road reserved for the opposite direction, after having made sure that the maneuver can be done safely, and only if the immobilization is not due to traffic congestion.

All motor vehicles and mopeds driving between sunset and sunrise on urban roads or well-lit interurban roads, or at anytime of day in well-lit tunnels, underpasses and sections of road affected by the “tunnel” sign (S-5), must turn on, in addition to the position lights, the low-beam or dipped headlights.

Moped driver and occupant are obliged to wear a helmet in all kind of urban and inter-urban roads.
There are two exceptions to this requirement:
If the moped has bodywork and security seat belts.
If they have a medical exemption certificate.

This panel, placed under the hazard sign, indicates the distance to the hazard. If the panel had an arrow pointing upwards on either side of the distance it would indicate the length of the dangerous section.

Traffic regulations state in article 117 that minors who are 1 35 centimeters tall or less must always use an approved child restraint system to ride in a vehicle. In, on the other hand, they are between 135 and 150 centimeters tall, they can use either the approved child restraint system or the adult seat belts installed in the vehicle, indiscriminately.

Any vehicle driving between sunset and sunrise on the roadway of a poorly lit cross-town road, like the one in the image, must use their position lights to be seen by other road users and their low beam headlights in order to see the road better due to the poor lighting.

The maximum alcohol level in exhaled air allowed for a new driver is 0.15 milligrams/litre for the first two years after getting their first license. This is because it is assumed that a new driver does not have enough experience driving, so it is necessary that their maximum amount of alcohol ingested is lower.

When we find snow or other adverse weather conditions on the road, they cause a decrease in the adherence of the tires of our vehicle to the asphalt.

That is why to restart the vehicle, we will always do it very smoothly and using the highest possible gear, normally the second or third gear to prevent the wheels from skidding.

Stress, alcohol, fatigue: Correct
Stress can affect concentration and reaction times, making it harder for the driver to focus on the road and other vehicles. Alcohol impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction time, making it one of the leading causes of driving distractions and accidents. Fatigue reduces alertness and slows reaction times, making it difficult for the driver to respond to sudden changes in traffic or road conditions.
Looking in the rearview mirror: While occasionally checking the rearview mirror is necessary for safe driving, continuously looking at it or becoming overly focused on it can cause distractions. However, it is not as critical as factors like stress, alcohol, or fatigue in causing major distractions.
Lack of driving experience: Lack of driving experience can lead to poor decision-making or slower reactions, but it is not classified as a direct distraction.