Exam 47اِگزیم

Meteorological conditions are especially unfavourable: Correct
Back fog lights are specifically designed to be used in situations where visibility is severely reduced, such as during heavy fog, rain, or snow. They provide extra visibility to vehicles behind you in low-visibility conditions, without blinding other drivers.
Traveling on high mountain roads: This is incorrect because back fog lights are not specifically designed for use on mountain roads. They are meant for poor visibility due to weather conditions, not terrain or altitude.
Traveling at an abnormally low speed: This is also incorrect. Back fog lights should not be used just because you are driving slowly. They are for visibility in poor weather rather than speed-related conditions.

Traffic norms state that, if after beginning to overtake you don’t know or aren’t sure if you have enough space to move into the right lane after completing it, you shouldn’t overtake the vehicle in front of you. But if you have already started to overtake and circumstances arise that make it difficult to complete the manoeuvre, you should return to your lane again, always warning the vehicles traveling behind you.

The compulsory liability insurance for vehicles only covers material damages and personal injury to the driver who did NOT cause the accident and passengers. This type of insurance does not cover material damage or personal injury to the driver who is at-fault for the accident.

It is strictly forbidden to drive on public roads with an expired driver’s license and if you are stopped by traffic officers you may be fined with a serious financial penalty.

That is why once the license is about to expire you must go to a medical examination center to renew it.

Mandatory signs are those that indicate a mandatory traffic rule.

In the case of the R-400c sign shown in the image, the arrow points and indicates the direction that all vehicles on the road must compulsory follow, and in this case they are obliged to go straight ahead.

لازمی علامات وہ ہیں جو لازمی ٹریفک کے اصولوں کی نشاندہی کرتی ہیں۔

تصویر میں دکھائی دینے والے آر-400سی نشان کے معاملے میں، تیر کی شکل یہ ظاہر کرتی ہے کہ سڑک پر موجود تمام گاڑیوں کو کس سمت جانا ضروری ہے، اور اس صورت میں انہیں سیدھا جانا ہوگا۔

From the year 2021, exceeding the maximum speed on any type of road when overtaking another vehicle traveling at the speed established on that road will be totally prohibited.

Previously it was allowed to exceed the maximum speed on conventional roads by 20 km/hour, but now it is totally forbidden.

In passenger cars, the left exterior mirror (corresponding to the one on the driver’s side) will always be mandatory and must be accompanied by the right and the interior mirror, or at least one of them.
Therefore, if the left side mirror is broken, it must be repaired or replaced by another one so that we can drive safely and it is forbidden to drive with a broken mirror.

Distractions on the part of the cyclist and their lack of experience are the cause of most accidents involving bicyclists. Among other measures, they should avoid using earphones, GPS devices or mobile phones, performing dangerous overtaking manoeuvres, or talking to other cyclists while riding in parallel.

For vehicles dedicated exclusively to the transport of goods, whose length is less than or equal to 5 meters, in which you want to transport an indivisible load, the load may not overhang more than one third of the length of the vehicle on each end, both front and back. In any case, the indivisible load must meet requirements for its attachment and treatment.

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers that traffic accidents are one of the main causes of mortality and serious injuries among young Spaniards, especially those between 19 and 29 years of age due to their inexperience behind the wheel.

If two vehicles reach a narrowing of the road with a steep slope and no signage indicated right of way, where the road is too narrow for both vehicles to pass at the same time, right of way will always be given to the vehicle traveling uphill, except when they can get to a side track designed to allow the downhill vehicle to pass first.

Traffic regulations state that all medical assistance vehicles, public or private, driving in emergency service, such as in the case of the ambulance in the image, will have priority over other vehicles and road users.
When you see that one of these vehicles is approaching on the road where you are driving, you should move aside, normally to the right, to facilitate their passing, even stopping if necessary.

Checking the correct operation of our vehicle’s lights, headlights and signal lights at regular intervals is essential for safe driving. Never check each light separately but at regular intervals in pairs.

Statistics show that automotive accidents are the leading cause of death among youth worldwide, with the highest proportion among those aged 18-24. The main explanations of these figures are young people’s lack of experience behind the wheel, overconfidence, distractions, and alcohol consumption by young drivers.

There are many illnesses that can imply some risk for driving, becoming a risk factor when driving safely.

Among them are some very common ones, such as poorly controlled arterial hypertension, flu, common cold, allergies, bronchitis, diabetes, insomnia and mental disorders, among others.

Drowsiness causes the driver of a vehicle to experience increased reaction time when faced with an unexpected obstacle, increasing the amount of time it takes to make decisions, and causes the driver to make more mistakes due to their lack of concentration on driving. Also, under the effects of drowsiness, movements and manoeuvres made by the driver are slower and less accurate, and tend to be more automatic.

On motorways within town limits that have more than one lane for each direction of travel, such as the one in the image, you should drive in the right-hand lane but may use the other lanes when the traffic situation permits and makes it advisable to do so.

The vehicle’s active safety system is the set of all elements that contribute to giving the vehicle better efficacy and stability when moving, thus helping the driver to reduce their chances of having a traffic accident.

Traffic regulations state that road users who approach a level crossing or a movable bridge with its gate closed or in motion must stop, obligatorily, one behind the other in their corresponding lanes until the way is clear.

Drivers of vehicles used for the transport of goods such as trucks, as well as of passenger cars, buses, mixed vehicles and non-agricultural vehicle combinations must wear a reflective and approved high-visibility vest on a mandatory basis.

If your vehicle has undergone a substantial technical reform that has altered its characteristics, before driving on public roads you must pass a technical inspection certifying that the vehicle meets safety and environmental requirements, thus legalizing the reform made to the vehicle. This inspection may only be done at an official ITV/MOT station, never at an authorized workshop.

In those prolonged stops inside a tunnel, underpass or closed place for more than two minutes, the driver of the vehicle is recommended to turn off the vehicle’s engine to save fuel, turn on the emergency lights, and keep the position lights on so that other road users can see him/her.

Traffic officers may immobilize our vehicle when the vehicle exceeds the gas, smoke and noise levels legally permitted for each type of vehicle. They may also immobilise it for other reasons, such as when the vehicle is over-occupied or when it is felt that the vehicle’s control instruments have been tampered with.

On motorcycles with independent controls, the most common arrangement of controls is that which allows the clutch to be operated with the left lever, the rear brake with the right foot, and the throttle with the right hand. The gearshift will be located on the left pedal and the front brake will be operated with the right handlebar lever.

In all public roads, as a general rule, overtaking other vehicles must be done on the left side.
Exceptionally, it is possible to overtake a vehicle traveling in the left lane on the right on roads within built-up areas with at least two lanes for the same direction and clearly delineated with road markings, provided that the driver of the vehicle previously ensures that he can do so without danger to other users.

The direction indicators shall be used to signal any manoeuvre that involves a lateral displacement or before changing lanes both day and night, being returned to its position after the manoeuvre. Thus, when we intend to change lanes to the right at an intersection, we will do so with the right direction indicator.

The factors that have the greatest impact on traffic accidents are the following:

• The human factor (driver) .
• The road and its environment .
• The vehicle and its correct maintenance .
All these factors are important and have a direct impact on road safety and a good management of them will reduce the possibility of having an accident.

When the driver of a vehicle intends to make a U-turn, they should choose an appropriate place to execute the manoeuvre, in a way that intercepts the road as little time as possible, warning of their intention with the proper signals far enough in advance, and ensuring that they will not be endangering or hindering other road users.

It is allowed to stop with our vehicle in front of a designated entranceway, as long as it is less than 2 minutes, and as long as we do not disturb or hinder the circulation of other road users.
Parking is ALWAYS prohibited in front of a designated entranceway.

Drivers who suffer from a chronic illness, in order to reduce the risk of an accident as much as possible, must be very familiar with the symptoms that the illness may cause when driving, and they should always consult their doctor before operating a vehicle if driving is contraindicated with the illness or if the treatment may jeopardize the safety of the driver and other users of the road.

جن ڈرائیوروں کو کوئی دائمی بیماری ہو، انہیں حادثات کے خطرے کو کم سے کم کرنے کے لیے اس بات کا بخوبی علم ہونا چاہیے کہ یہ بیماری ڈرائیونگ کے دوران کون سے علامات پیدا کر سکتی ہے، اور اگر ڈرائیونگ اس بیماری کے ساتھ منع ہو یا علاج سے ڈرائیور اور سڑک کے دیگر صارفین کی حفاظت کو خطرہ لاحق ہو، تو انہیں گاڑی چلانے سے پہلے ہمیشہ اپنے ڈاکٹر سے مشورہ کرنا چاہیے۔