Exam 94اِگزیم

The vertical hazard warning sign P-14B shown in the image indicates that you are approaching a section of road where there is a hazard due to a series of dangerous curves, with the first curve being towards the left.

When you intend to make a stop or park on an interurban road, you must keep in mind that this should always be done off of the roadway, on the right-hand side and leaving the passable part of the shoulder free. When performing the manoeuvre, do it in such a way as to interfere with the other road users as little as possible.

In Spain, failing to wear a seat belt results in a deduction of 4 points from the driver’s license. This penalty was increased from 3 to 4 points under the updated Road Traffic Act to enhance road safety. Additionally, offenders face a monetary fine of €200.

The stricter penalty reflects the critical importance of seat belt usage in reducing fatalities and serious injuries during traffic accidents. By enforcing harsher consequences, Spanish authorities aim to encourage all vehicle occupants to consistently use seat belts, thereby improving overall road safety.

Driving your vehicle for a long period of time at a high speed can be very dangerous for your safety because it accelerates the onset of fatigue in the driver, increases aggressive behaviours and can cause the driver to lose concentration and reaction capacity. It can also make it more difficult to control the vehicle in a dangerous situation.

Video Explanation

Yes, permanently or temporarily: Correct
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) in most vehicles can be deactivated temporarily or permanently, depending on the system and vehicle model. Here’s why:
Temporarily: Most ADAS systems, such as Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), and Collision Prevention Systems, can be temporarily turned off by the driver via vehicle settings or dashboard/steering wheel controls. These systems can be reactivated when needed.
Permanently: Some ADAS systems can be permanently deactivated through professional intervention, such as software updates, modifications, or hardware changes.
They can be disconnected permanently but never temporarily: This is incorrect. Most ADAS systems can be temporarily turned off by the driver for manual control or specific driving conditions.
They can not be disconnected in any case: This is also incorrect. ADAS systems can be temporarily disabled by the driver, and some may be permanently deactivated through professional services, though this is less common and may be regulated.

When you approach a level crossing in your vehicle, you should drive at a reduced speed and even stop the vehicle if necessary, if you foresee that you may get stuck in the middle of the crossing when another type of vehicle passes through. This rule applies to roads both in and out of town limits.

An increase in fuel consumption can often be linked to inefficiencies in the ignition system and power supply circuit because these components directly impact engine performance and fuel efficiency.

Ignition Circuit Issues:
Faulty spark plugs or ignition coils can cause incomplete combustion, leading to higher fuel consumption.
Incorrect ignition timing can also reduce engine efficiency, requiring more fuel to maintain performance.

Power Supply Circuit Issues:
A failing fuel pump or fuel injectors can cause an improper air-fuel mixture, leading to excessive fuel use.
A malfunctioning oxygen sensor or mass air flow sensor (MAF) can result in poor fuel regulation.

Alcohol consumption, even in small amounts, has a negative effect on driving and road safety and causes many traffic accidents. With a concentration of 0.9 grams of alcohol per litre of blood, the risk of a fatal accident is six times higher than if you had had nothing to drink. With a concentration of 1.5 grams, the risk increases 20 times, which is why you should only drive with a concentration of 0.

The latest generation of LED headlights often comes with adaptive lighting systems. These systems can automatically adjust the intensity and focus of the headlights to prevent dazzling other road users while still providing optimal visibility for the driver. By reducing the intensity of the light that directly hits the lens, the vehicle ensures that it provides sufficient road illumination without causing glare or discomfort to other drivers. This allows the driver to see the road clearly while also keeping other road users safe from the glare of overly bright headlights.

This traffic sign consists of two parts:
The No Parking Symbol (a blue circle with a red border and a diagonal red stripe) indicates that parking is prohibited.
The Additional Plate (“LOS CORRALES DE BUELNA”) specifies that the restriction applies to the entire area of Los Corrales de Buelna (a town in Spain).

This means that the parking prohibition is not limited to just a section of the road (such as from the sign to the next intersection) but applies to the entire town or municipality. These types of signs are commonly used at town entrances to indicate that parking restrictions apply throughout the area unless otherwise stated by additional signs.

When taking a curve, applying the brakes very hard can cause the vehicle’s wheels to lock or lose traction with the road surface, especially on a curve where the vehicle’s balance is more delicate. This can result in the vehicle skidding, which increases the risk of losing control.

Braking harshly on a curve is dangerous because the centrifugal force (pushing the vehicle outward) and the reduced friction on the curved road can make it more difficult for the tires to maintain grip. The vehicle might not be able to stay on its intended path, potentially leading to an accident. Therefore, it’s safer to brake gently and gradually while navigating curves.

On a two-way road with three lanes, where two lanes are in your direction and one is for opposing traffic, the middle lane is typically used for overtaking or when traffic conditions require its use.

This is because:
The rightmost lane is the default lane for driving.
The leftmost lane is used for overtaking and faster-moving traffic.
The middle lane serves as a transition lane for overtaking but should not be occupied continuously to avoid congestion or accidents.

Overtaking is prohibited on and near pedestrian crossings because these areas are designated for pedestrian safety. When a vehicle overtakes near a crossing, it can block the driver’s view of pedestrians, increasing the risk of accidents.

But there is an exception: If you are driving at a speed where you can stop safely if needed, then you can overtake. This ensures that even if a pedestrian suddenly appears, you have enough control to avoid a collision.

The stop sign and marking are specifically applied to the lane with the arrow indicating a left turn. The white car is in a different lane that is not subject to the stop requirement. Traffic signs and road markings must be followed according to their designated lanes, so the white car does not need to stop unless another signal or rule applies to its lane.

A Class B license permits the operation of vehicles with a maximum authorized mass of up to 3,500 kg and a seating capacity, including the driver, of no more than nine.

Passenger cars, mixed vehicles, and goods transport vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) not exceeding 3,500 kg are required to carry the following accessories, spare parts, and tools:
An approved high-visibility vest.
A hazard pre-signaling device, which is a yellow, self-powered device (battery-operated) that should be positioned as high as possible on the immobilized vehicle for optimal visibility. Warning triangles can still be used until 2026, in which case, two triangles must be available.
A complete spare wheel or a temporary wheel, along with all the necessary tools for changing it.

In Spain, vehicles intended for rental without a driver, particularly in car-sharing and ride-sharing models, typically operate within a delimited service area and can be accessed via mobile applications. These services, such as Zity, Free2Move, or Share Now, allow users to locate, unlock, and rent vehicles through a mobile app at any time, aligning with the concept of free-floating car-sharing. Additionally, Spain regulates car-sharing laws, ensuring that they are legally available on-demand within their designated zones.

In Spain, traffic regulations stipulate that stopping or parking on interurban roads must always be done off the roadway, on the right side. Therefore, if the vehicle is located outside the transit area of the shoulder and does not obstruct traffic or pose a risk to other road users, it is considered correctly parked.

Vehicle drivers will be strictly prohibited from consuming ecstasy, as it can lead to various side effects, including episodes of depression or anxiety, reduced concentration, and slower reaction times.

If a moped is equipped with a safety belt, it must be worn at all times, regardless of whether the rider is on an urban (city) or interurban road where these vehicles are allowed to circulate. Safety belts are designed to protect the rider in case of sudden stops, collisions, or falls. Helmets are not required when the moped is protected with an outer structure and have seat belts.

When traffic lights or signals show different indications for the right and left, drivers planning to turn left or go straight must follow the signals on their left.

In this scenario, as the red traffic light is on, we must stop and wait until the traffic light for the left lane, which allows us to turn, turns green.

Video Explanation

It makes it easier for the driver to make decisions: Correct
ADAS systems provide valuable, real-time information to the driver, which indeed makes it easier for the driver to make decisions. These systems assist in various driving tasks by providing alerts and feedback on factors such as distance from other vehicles, lane positioning, speed, and proximity to obstacles. This additional information helps the driver make more informed, timely, and safe decisions.
For example, Lane Departure Warning alerts if the vehicle drifts, Blind Spot Detection warns of vehicles in hidden areas, and Adaptive Cruise Control adjusts speed to maintain a safe distance from the car ahead.
It is irrelevant to driving: This is incorrect because ADAS is specifically designed to enhance driving safety and support the driver in making better decisions.
It is counterproductive in case of danger: This statement is incorrect because ADAS systems are designed to help in dangerous situations. For example, Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) can take control of the brakes to prevent a collision, and Collision Warning alerts the driver to potential risks. These systems act to reduce the risk of danger, not make it worse.

In the standard configuration of motorcycle controls, the left hand operates the clutch, the right foot controls the rear brake, and the right hand manages the accelerator. The gear shift is positioned for operation by the left foot, while the front brake is engaged with the right hand.

In Spain, for a passenger car to be classified as a “Vehículo de Uso Compartido” (Shared Use Vehicle) and be eligible to display the corresponding badge, it must comply with specific mobility and car-sharing regulations.

The key requirements include:

Rental Without a Driver – The vehicle must be available for self-service rental, meaning users drive it themselves without a chauffeur.
Intensive Use – The vehicle must be used frequently and by many different users.
Undetermined Number of Users – The vehicle must be accessible to any registered user within a defined service area, typically through a car-sharing platform.

This classification aligns with the operational models of free-floating and station-based car-sharing services such as Zity, Free2Move, and Share Now in Spain.

In Spanish traffic regulations, a continuous line—especially a solid yellow along the curb—indicates a strict no stopping and no parking zone. No stopping means vehicles cannot halt there, even temporarily. No parking means vehicles cannot be left unattended for an extended period.

Sideways movements shall be warned using the direction indicator light corresponding to the side towards which it is going to be made, or the arm, in horizontal position with the palm of the hand extended downwards, if the displacement is going to be towards the side that the hand indicates, or bent upwards, also with the palm of the hand extended, if it is going to be towards the opposite side.
In manoeuvres involving a lateral displacement, this is the one that is exclusively warned, so the warning shall end as soon as the vehicle has adopted its new trajectory.

Once they have carried out the overtaking, the driver of the vehicle should make sure that no driver behind them has initiated the manoeuvre to overtake their own vehicle, and that they have enough space to merge back into their lane gradually and without blocking traffic.

When we measure the oil level of our engine it is optimal that the car is cold and with the engine off. If it has been used before, it is advisable to wait at least five minutes with the engine off before taking the measurement. Burned oil can expand, which would give us an incorrect measurement of the actual condition of the engine.

Pedestrians tend to commit many infractions on the road, thus increasing the risk of having an accident. Among the most common infractions are not using the designated pedestrian crossings, not respecting traffic lights, crossing the road where it is prohibited to do so, or not staying on the right part of the roadway or shoulder.

Video Explanation

Reduce emissions and vehicle consumption: Correct
The Start-Stop system automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle is at a complete stop and restarts it when the driver releases the brake or presses the accelerator. This system helps achieve the following positive effects:
Reduce emissions: By turning off the engine during idling, it reduces fuel consumption and harmful emissions, such as CO2, making the vehicle more environmentally friendly, especially in urban traffic conditions.
Reduce vehicle consumption: The engine is not running when the vehicle is stationary, leading to lower fuel usage, especially in city driving where the vehicle might idle for long periods.
Brake the vehicle at a stop sign: The Start-Stop system does not control braking; it only shuts off and restarts the engine.
Reduce vehicle consumption, only: While it reduces fuel consumption, but it also helps reduce emissions, improving the vehicle’s environmental impact.