Exam 17اِگزیم

The number of persons carried in a car may under no circumstances exceed the number of authorised seats in the car, even if there is good reason to do so. Therefore, if this vehicle has a capacity for five passengers including the driver, under no circumstances may six persons be transported even if the MMA is not exceeded.

Motorcycles and quads of any engine displacement are required to pass their first technical inspection four years from the date of their first registration. After that, they must pass an inspection every two years for the rest of the life of the vehicle.

All motor vehicles and mopeds driving between sunset and sunrise on sufficiently illuminated urban or interurban roads, or at any time of the day through tunnels, underpasses and stretches of road affected by the “Tunnel” sign (S-5) sufficiently illuminated, shall have on, in addition to the position lighting, the low-beam or dipped beam lighting.

All motor vehicles and mopeds must have at least the low-beam or dipped headlights along with position lights turned on between sunset and sunrise on poorly lit interurban roads, or at any time of day in tunnels, underpasses and other sections of road affected by the “tunnel” sign which are poorly lit, provided there is no danger of blinding oncoming vehicles with your lights.

Elderly people may have greater difficulties as pedestrians than someone younger, as they may suffer from orientation problems and unfamiliarity with the roads they travel on.

Also elderly have to their credit the fact that they are very respectful of traffic rules, do not exceed the speed limit, do not drink alcohol, but nevertheless suffer more accidents as a result of the loss of their psychomotor abilities.

If you are driving on a road in town, specifically, leaving a parking garage, you should use caution and reduce speed to avoid hitting potential pedestrians, especially when entering or exiting a garage on a ramp with poor visibility. These pedestrians always have right of way over vehicles when they are traveling on the sidewalk.

It is completely prohibited to make a U-turn when there are vehicles coming in the opposite direction and their speed does not allow you to do it safely. It is also prohibited unless indicated otherwise by signs on motorways and dual carriageways, in underpasses or tunnels, at level crossings and in designated pedestrian crossings. It is also prohibited to make a U-turn on curves with reduced visibility and in intersections, unless it is a roundabout or traffic circle.

The R-418 Tele-toll vertical obligation sign located on a highway indicates the obligation to pay this toll by means of the dynamic toll system or tele-toll.

The vehicle circulating in the lane or lanes thus marked must be equipped with the technical means that enable its use under operational conditions in accordance with the legal provisions on the matter.

A grid of red and white squares, as in the image, indicates the beginning of an emergency braking area, in which it is prohibited to stop, park or use this part of the roadway for any other purpose.

The maximum speed limit for passenger cars, motorcycles, buses, trucks and other vehicles on cross town roads and roads within town limits is 50 kilometers per hour. This speed limit cannot be exceeded at any time, not even to overtake.

The design speed of a road setting the maximum limit at which it can be driven shall be determined on the basis of several criteria such as the degree of congestion on the road, the design speed of the road or whether the road is newly built.

Traffic regulations state in article 117 that minors who are 135 centimeters tall or less must always use an approved child restraint system to ride in a vehicle. In, on the other hand, they are between 135 and 150 centimeters tall, they can use either the approved child restraint system or the adult seat belts installed in the vehicle, indiscriminately.

Traffic regulations prohibit, as a general rule, the driver of a vehicle from throwing, depositing or leaving the goods that a vehicle is transporting on the roadway or the shoulder, for example, during loading and unloading, and interfering with traffic flow or the stopping or parking of other vehicles, or making it dangerous to do so.

Traffic regulations state that the glass surfaces of a vehicle must permit clear visibility for the driver of the entire road on which they are driving, and you cannot use tinted glass that is not approved by the authorities, or sheets or adhesives that interfere with visibility. Therefore, it is completely prohibited to have tinted or coloured glass that hasn’t been approved in a vehicle technical inspection.

If while riding your motorcycle you are approaching a slippery part of the road due to snow, water or ice, you should reduce your speed before reaching it to prevent the wheels from skidding, and keep the motorcycle upright, avoiding curves and turns, to prevent the tires from losing traction with the road.

The driver and passenger of a motorcycle that has a self-protection structure and a seat belt for both riders are not obligated to wear a helmet as long as they fasten their seat belt. In addition, the exemption from having to wear a helmet must be indicated in the technical inspection documentation of the motorcycle in order to be valid.

The main function of the vehicle’s seat belt is to keep the occupants’ bodies from moving excessively in case of an impact and crashing into the wheel, the windshield or the backs of the front seats, in the case of passengers riding in the back.

In the case of the vehicle’s risk factor, we can reduce it through periodic inspections and maintenance work on the vehicle, thus avoiding possible technical failures or breakdowns.

Vehicles for private use dedicated to the transport of persons, except for motorcycles and mopeds, with capacity up to 9 seats including the driver, such as passenger cars, motorhomes and recreational vehicle, are required to pass their first periodic technical inspection four years from the date of their first registration.

The rules for the use of lanes on motorways and dual carriageways as the one shown in the picture are the same as for any other type of road.

On roads with two or more lanes for the same direction, the rightmost lane must be used, and the other lanes may be used by the motorcycle when the circumstances of the road make it advisable to do so without hindering traffic.

The driver of a vehicle that is stopped or parked on a road, or that is coming from an access road, a service area or an adjacent property, and who wants to merge into traffic, must first ensure that they can do it without endangering others, even following the instructions of another person if necessary, yielding to other vehicles and accounting for their position, trajectory and speed.

The vast majority of traffic accidents can be avoided by paying attention to the road, not engaging in dangerous behavior, keeping the vehicle correctly maintained, avoiding risk factors at the wheel, and avoiding imprudent or unpredictable actions that could result in an accident.

The general indication sign S-30 shown in the image indicates a traffic area specifically conditioned for use by pedestrians. The maximum speed for vehicles will be set at 30 km/h and pedestrians will always have right of way in this zone.

The cyclists should go first because the first cyclist has already started to cross, establishing their right of way. Stopping the group mid-crossing could be unsafe and disrupt the flow of traffic. Allowing the cyclists to continue ensures a smooth and predictable movement for all road users.

Driving at high speeds for a long time can be very dangerous because it can cause reduced concentration and reaction capacity in the driver, as well as making it more difficult to control the vehicle in a dangerous situation. Even with a modern vehicle designed to reach high speeds, you should always drive at the recommended speed for each road.

Drivers of passenger cars, buses, cars for the transport of goods, mixed vehicles, non-agricultural vehicle combinations, as well as drivers and auxiliary personnel of pilot protection and escort vehicles must carry a high-visibility reflective vest in the vehicle, although it is always useful and recommended to carry two so that one of the accompanying persons can put it on.

Studies have shown that the visual field of children is smaller than that of adults, less than half the size of an adult’s visual field. Furthermore, they can make mistakes with distances, incorrectly determine the direction that sounds are coming from, and take longer than an adult in figuring out where a sound is coming from.

Traffic regulations state that new drivers of any vehicle may not exceed a blood alcohol concentration of 0.3 grams per litre or of 0.15 milligrams per litre of exhaled air during the first two years after obtaining their first driving permit or license.

Studies have shown that, with the same alcohol consumption, elderly people are more reckless behind the wheel due to the combined effect of alcohol and aging, as they are more vulnerable to the side effects caused by alcohol consumption. So far, no specific limits for alcohol consumption have been established for people over age 65, but it has been demonstrated that this limit should be lower than the limit recommended for younger people.

Whenever the driver of a vehicle joins the traffic on an exclusively private road, he must ensure beforehand that he can make the incorporation without danger to anyone and carry out the manoeuvre at a speed that allows him to stop if necessary, giving way to vehicles traveling on the main road, whichever direction they are traveling in.